Radiation treatment, also known as radiation therapy, is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. The radiation is delivered to the affected area of the body, either from outside the body (external beam radiation) or from inside the body (internal radiation).
Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. Normal cells can also be affected by radiation, but they are usually able to repair themselves more effectively than cancer cells. Radiation therapy is carefully planned and delivered to minimize damage to healthy cells and tissues.
Radiation therapy is used to treat many types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, and head and neck cancers. It may be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery.
Radiation therapy is usually delivered in daily sessions over several weeks. The length and frequency of treatment depend on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the location and size of the tumor.
External beam radiation therapy is typically delivered using a machine called a linear accelerator. The machine aims high-energy radiation beams at the affected area of the body from outside the body. During treatment, the patient lies on a table while the machine moves around them, delivering the radiation from different angles.
Internal radiation therapy, also known as brachytherapy, involves placing a radiation source inside the body, usually in or near the tumor. This allows the radiation to be delivered directly to the cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.
Radiation therapy can cause side effects, which vary depending on the location and amount of radiation delivered. Common side effects include fatigue, skin changes, and hair loss in the area being treated. Radiation therapy to the head and neck area may also cause difficulty swallowing, mouth sores, and changes in taste.
In conclusion, radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. It can be delivered externally or internally, and is often used in combination with other cancer treatments. While radiation therapy can cause side effects, it is an effective treatment option for many types of cancer.
